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The emergence of a consensus method of proxy proof (DPoS).

Blockchain technology, still in its early stages of Internet maturity, evolved from PoW to PoS to address inefficiencies. However, PoS had its issues. In the year In 2014, Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) emerged, balancing efficiency, decentralization and security.

Although it has been around for over a decade, blockchain technology is still a relatively new concept.

Think about the Internet for a moment – one could argue that it was the ARPANET that started in 1969. After all, this is the first packet switching network.

The technology has gone through countless changes. New protocols were introduced in the 1970s. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) mean that the network is sufficiently decentralized and scalable.

It took more than two decades for the technology to sufficiently penetrate the World Wide Web. Indeed, blockchain technology can be considered to be still in its infancy. One part of the technology that developers can't agree on is the way transactions are verified on the blockchain — also known as “consensus.”

Bitcoin introduced the first communication method, proof-of-work (PoW), whereby miners compete to establish transaction data in a format that meets the hash length criteria.

Incredibly energy-efficient, expensive, and prohibitive for new miners, the communication method took no time to be evaluated in new blockchains.

Peercoin was launched in 2015. In 2012, Proof-of-Stake (PoS) was introduced, once the competing party was removed and validators were elected by the network to issue new blocks, their “stake” or interest in the network, was sufficient to mitigate malicious activity. Movement.

However, PoS still had problems with centralization, scalability, and security.

This led to the 2014 release of Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS), a consensus mechanism designed to address the weaknesses of both PoS and PoW.

One can think of it as new tires on an old tire.

What is DPoS?

Invented by Daniel Larimer in 2014, DPoS allows token holders to elect delegates to verify transactions, reducing the power consumption and centrality involved in PoS. decreases. It is used in networks like BitShares, Steemit, EOS and Tron.

In PoS systems, a validator is selected to create a block based on a pseudo-random selection process, unlike requiring many miners to consume large amounts of power over a long period of time in PoW systems. Validators show their commitment to the network – a fixed amount of cryptocurrency – by locking up the stake they could lose if they engage in any malicious activity.

The issue comes from the idea of ​​”pseudo-randomness”. There should be an incentive to lock up a large stake in traditional staking networks. As such, those with higher stakes are more likely to be elected than those with lower stakes.

Naturally, this leads to an undesirable level of centralization, with higher stake holders doing most of the mining and, therefore, receiving more rewards.

DPoS is a consensus mechanism that aims to solve this.

Simply put, all token holders choose delegates to do the work, rather than approving transactions directly. This system not only saves energy but also ensures that energy is distributed evenly. The elected representatives work efficiently to quickly confirm transactions, making DPoS a scalable solution for modern blockchain applications.

Imagine that the community elects representatives to run the affairs of a city. These delegates are accountable to their chosen token holders, ensuring that they act in the best interest of the network. If they fail to do so, they can vote and replace, maintaining a flexible and responsive system.

The history of DPoS begins in 2014 with Daniel Larimer and the launch of the BitShares blockchain. BitShares was successful, and soon, other blockchain projects like Steemit, EOS, and Tron followed suit, adopting DPoS to power their networks.

Larimer's invention brought a new level of efficiency and elasticity to the blockchain world, setting a new standard for consensus mechanisms.

How does DPoS work?

DPoS relies on voters and delegates. Voters hold tokens and elect delegates, who validate transactions and produce blocks. Voting is ongoing, and delegates are rewarded with newly generated tokens and transaction fees. Delegates are motivated by financial rewards and reputation, while full nodes ensure the validity of the blockchain.

The consensus mechanism of DPOS is based on two types of tokenizers containing the blockchain network's native cryptography: voters and delegates.

What are voters in DPoS?

Voters are individuals or entities that own tokens in the DPOS network. Their main responsibility is to participate in the management of the network by voting for representatives.

Token holders can vote directly or delegate their voting power to other representatives. The weight of their vote is proportional to the number of tokens they hold, giving those with a more significant investment a greater stake in the network's operations.

Importantly, voting in DPoS is not a one-time event. Rather, it is an ongoing process where token holders can change their vote at any time. This dynamic voting system keeps delegates accountable to the community. Delegates can be quickly voted out and replaced by another candidate if they fail to perform their duties effectively or behave maliciously.

Many DPOS networks implement a reward sharing system in which a portion of the agents' rewards are distributed to the voters they support. This creates a direct financial incentive for voters to participate in the electoral process.

Alternatively, many networks offer substantial rewards to viewers for participating in the voting process, independent of the agents' performance. This ensures that all voters are rewarded for their participation.

What is delegation in DPoS?

Also known as witnesses or block producers, delegates are representatives chosen by tokenholders to approve transactions and produce new blocks. The number of delegates can vary between networks, but typically ranges from 21 to 101.

Delegates take turns producing new blocks in a round-robin fashion. This integrated approach ensures a predictable and orderly process block creation. Each delegate is responsible for creating and adding new blocks to the blockchain within a certain time frame, known as block spacing. If a delegate fails to produce a block within the allotted time, the next delegate takes over and ensures continued block production.

Naturally, delegates receive a portion of newly created tokens as a reward for producing blocks. This is similar to the reward that miners receive in PoW systems. In addition to block rewards, delegates earn transaction fees paid by users to process their transactions. These fees are included in the blocks that delegates produce.

Networks can reward delegates based on performance metrics such as runtime and number of successfully produced blocks. Steady and reliable delegates can reap high rewards. In contrast, delegates who fail to produce blocks in time or are malicious will face penalties, including reduced rewards or being voted out by the community.

Beyond financial incentives, delegates are driven by their reputation in the community. A good reputation can lead to re-election and continued rewards, while poor performance or malicious behavior can cost them their spot. This reputation boost ensures that delegates are acting with integrity and prioritize network security.

In a DPOS system, delegates directly verify the work of other delegates, just as verifiers can check each other's work through some other means of communication.

Instead, entire nodes in the network download and verify all blocks, which can be done by anyone (including the undelegated). Check the validity of the transaction in each block and verify that the block manufacturer has followed the consensus.

Advantages of DPoS

DPoS offers faster transaction times, a balance between decentralization and centralization, lower energy consumption and improved security with community accountability.

Efficiency: By using a limited number of elected representatives who produce blocks in a predictable, orderly manner, DPoS networks achieve faster transaction times and higher resource throughput. Decentralization and Centralization: DPoS strikes a unique balance between decentralization and functional centralization. Although it depends on certain delegates to produce blocks, these delegates are democratically elected by the community of tokenholders. Energy Efficiency: One of the unique advantages of DPoS is its lower power consumption compared to PoW. Security: Delegates are held accountable by the community, and those who do not perform their duties or are malicious can be quickly voted out. This accountability, combined with inherent voting transparency and production processes, helps ensure a secure and reliable network.

Disadvantages of DPoS

DPoS faces challenges in maintaining representative accountability due to centralization concerns, imbalance of voting power to large stakeholders and voter apathy.

Risks of Centralization: While DPoS aims to balance decentralization, the limited number of agents can still lead to centralization. Indeed, if fewer representatives consistently control the election, reducing the margin of control increases the risk of collusion or single points of failure. People with higher token holdings have more voting power, which can skew the results of elections and allow a few wealthy individuals or entities to have a greater influence on the network. Challenging. While the public can elect underperforming or devious representatives, this process relies on active and informed broad stakeholder participation. In practice, voter apathy or lack of participation allows problematic representatives to stay in power longer than desired.

How to become a representative of Tron

To become a Tron Delegate (Super Delegate), set up a reliable and secure server, share a large amount of TRX, announce your candidacy, engage with the community, campaign for votes and expect high performance and community participation if elected.

This article uses the Tron network as a step-by-step guide to help you better understand how delegates are selected to become representatives on the network.

Delegates are known as Super Delegates (SRs) on the Tron network, and becoming one is not easy. Take it for granted so that you have a solid understanding of Tron's technical architecture and can effectively manage and secure your node.

Let's see.

Meeting Technical Requirements: Make sure you have a robust server setup with high reliability and security. You need a stable, high-speed internet and enough computing power to manage block production and transaction verification. Earn Tron (TRX) tokens: To participate in the SR election, you need to earn a large amount of TRX (TRX) tokens. This not only allows you to commit, but also participate in the voting process. Submit your nomination: Use Tron's official wallet or a compatible device to register your nomination on the Tron blockchain. This involves submitting a proposal that includes your ideas, plans and what you hope to achieve as an SR. Also prepare and configure your node to ensure it is ready for wall production. Make sure it meets the network requirements and is fully functional.Voice Campaign: Actively engage with the Tron community on social media, forums and other platforms. Share your vision, technical skills and how you plan to contribute to the growth of the network. Be clear about your tasks, plans and any reward sharing. Recruiters need to believe that you will benefit the network. You may consider offering incentives to voters, such as sharing a portion of your block rewards or running community-focused projects.Collect votes: Tron tokenholders vote for SR candidates by presenting their TRX tokens to the selected candidates. The 27 candidates who get the most votes will be SRs. Remember, voting is an ongoing process, and you need to maintain and grow your support base to continue as an SR. Update the community regularly about your contributions and performance. Maintain performance as a top rep: Once you've voted, you need to continuously produce and verify blocks. Make sure your node is running uptime and reliably.

Continue to engage and contribute to the Tron community. Participate in management decisions and be active in proposing and voting on network improvements. You are expected to inform the community of your activities, maintain transparency in your operations, and work to protect the interests of the network.

It's a lot of effort, so how much does a DPOS representative earn?

Well, a Tron super rep can expect to earn up to $40,000 a month. However, the number of candidates is usually in the hundreds, so be prepared for an uphill battle!

The future of DPoS

DPoS, a decades-old consensus method, faces competition from newer methods such as PoA, BPoS, PPoS, and PoS as the blockchain community continues to search for the most suitable approach to security, scalability, and decentralization.

As discussed at the outset, blockchain technology is still in its infancy. Like the early days of the Internet, this novel technology is constantly evolving.

Arguably the most important aspects of change are the consensus mechanisms that support each blockchain as they represent the security, scalability, and decentralization of the network. Therefore, it is essential that there is agreement on the most suitable consensus mechanism to achieve widespread acceptance.

DPoS has only one contender for the crown:

Proof of Authority (PoA) was introduced around 2017, supported by VeChain and Ethereum's Rinkeby and Kovan testnets. Bonded proof-of-stake (BPoS) entered the public spotlight in 2019 with prominent proponents such as Cosmos and Polkadot. Pure proof-of-stake (PPoS) was adopted by Algorand. It was, and the original network launched in the summer. 2019. Proof of stake integrated with sharding in Ethereum 2020 Beacon Chain release.

In light of these new mechanisms, designed to address the weaknesses of their predecessors, it's important to remember that DPoS is still a fair consensus mechanism, already a decade old.

While still in the running, as with other strategies, the community is divided on the preferred solution.

Perhaps solace lies in the minds of many innovative blockchain developers with a new competitor ready to challenge the status quo.